Seals restrict fluid leakage between stages. However, high-velocity gas swirling inside a seal generates aerodynamic forces that can destabilize the rotor, a phenomenon known as aerodynamic excitation. 2. Advanced Modeling and Simulation Methodologies

), it was classified as a subsynchronous instability. The shaft orbit grew from a tight ellipse into a wide, chaotic circular path.

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The turbine was shut down, and the defective carbon ring seals were replaced with tighter clearances.

The principles and tools described above come to life in the real-world challenges documented in the case studies below.

Determines the stability and damping ratio of each mode.

A 50 MW power generation steam turbine experienced severe